Why Are My Wife and I Having a Hard Time Making a Baby
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common and oft painful condition that affects approximately x per cent of women. It occurs when the tissue that commonly lines the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside the lining of the uterus. The misplaced tissue unremarkably grows on the uterine (fallopian) tubes, the ovaries or the tissue lining the pelvis (the peritoneum).
How does endometriosis affect fertility?
Information technology is thought that effectually thirty% of women with endometriosis are infertile, still further inquiry is needed to ostend this.
In mild endometriosis there is no obvious reason why infertility occurs. It may be because the endometriosis cells release chemicals that interfere with the ability to excogitate or touch on early on normal development of the embryo.
In moderate to severe endometriosis, scarring may cause interference with ovulation and the passage of the egg forth the tube considering of damage or blockage. It tin too prevent the sperm from reaching the egg.
Not all women with endometriosis are infertile. Many women accept children without difficulty, have already had children before they are diagnosed, or eventually accept a successful pregnancy.
Treatment options
Surgical treatment of endometriosis, such as an operation called a laparoscopy to remove the endometriosis, is believed to increase the chances of pregnancy.
In an functioning using laparoscopy the overall pregnancy rate was approximately 42% of women with endometriosis [1]. Approximately 45% of women will develop a recurrence of endometriosis later on laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis [2].
If surgical treatment is unsuccessful, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatments may too be considered. However, before trying this form of treatment it is important that your endometriosis is properly treated, as the oestrogen levels involved may flare up whatever existing endometriosis.
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a condition of the uterus (womb) where the cells which commonly course a lining on the inside of the uterus also grow in the muscle wall of the uterus. If adenomyosis is centred in i surface area, it tin can pb to a mass of adenomyosis called an adenomyoma.
Adenomyosis is only seen in women in their reproductive years considering its growth requires oestrogen. Later menopause, adenomyosis lessens because of the lack of oestrogen.
Does adenomyosis affect fertility?
Studies suggest there may exist changes in the ability of the uterine muscles to contract appropriately. Besides, these endometrial cells inside the musculus may release body chemicals which pb to subfertility.
Fibroids
Fibroids (also known as uterine fibromyomas, leiomyomas or myomas) are non-malignant growths or lumps of muscle tissue that form within the walls of the uterus (womb).
Fibroids can vary in size ranging from the size of a pea to the size of a rock melon or larger.
It is not known exactly why fibroids occur. Notwithstanding, we do know that the female person hormones, oestrogen (estrogen) and progesterone play a significant part in stimulating the growth of fibroids.
Fibroids occur in women of reproductive age, growing at varying rates until the onset of menopause, when they tend to subtract in size and may slowly shrink in size due to the loss of oestrogen and progesterone.
Do fibroids affect fertility?
Infertility is not a common trouble for women with fibroids, less than three% of women may take fertility problems as a issue of fibroids. Fibroids tin can interfere with implantation of the embryo into the uterus, increment the hazard of miscarriage or bear upon the progress of labour depending on the size and position.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is the nearly common endocrine (hormonal) disorder in women. Symptoms include menstrual problems such as irregular periods and anovulation (lack of ovulation), high androgen (testosterone) levels which can cause male patterned hair growth and acne and metabolic issues which cause weight proceeds and an increased run a risk of blazon 2 diabetes.
PCOS and fertility
One of the first things you may have been told when diagnosed with PCOS was that the condition tin affect your ability to accept children. Whilst this is true for some women who have PCOS, 60% of women with PCOS get meaning naturally. Some women may feel reduced fertility or information technology may accept longer to conceive.
In women with PCOS the hormone changes that can cause irregular cycles may also affect ovulation and therefore affect fertility. Lack of ovulation is the most common cause of infertility in PCOS. An anovulatory cycle is a menstrual cycle in which ovulation fails to occur. This ways that you practice drain but practise not release an egg or ovulate.
In addition, body weight has an impact on fertility for women especially for those with PCOS.
Further assistance
There are many things you can exercise to ameliorate your fertility and treatments are available if you have difficulty conceiving. Encounter your doctor to first discuss treatment of your PCOS symptoms tailored to your private needs. This might include some changes to lifestyle and/or medication.
Premature & early menopause
Premature menopause
Premature menopause is when the final period occurs before a adult female is 40. The reason for premature menopause may be because:
- your periods stopped spontaneously just early (premature ovarian failure)
- you have had surgery to remove both ovaries (oophorectomy)
- chemotherapy has caused ovaries to neglect
Early menopause
Early menopause is when the terminal period occurs earlier a woman is 45. Again the reasons may be spontaneous, surgical or chemical.
Event on fertility
With premature and early on menopause, the ovaries run out of eggs earlier than expected and they are unable to produce an egg or the hormones required for pregnancy.
Very rarely, (near a two-5% lifetime gamble), a woman may have a spontaneous pregnancy afterward a diagnosis of premature/early menopause.
Sometimes, premature/early on menopause is diagnosed when a woman has sought help for fertility. If the ovaries neglect to respond to the hormones used to produce eggs or if eggs fail to fertilise, these may be signs of premature/early menopause developing.
For a woman who has gone through premature/early menopause, depending on her circumstance her options for having children include:
- a donor egg
- surrogacy with a donor egg
- adoption
To explore the all-time option for y'all, enquire your doctor for a referral to a fertility specialist who is a member of one of the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics.
Fertility & chemotherapy
If you have been diagnosed with cancer and premature/early menopause is likely to occur because of treatment for cancer, there are some things you can do before you accept the treatment.
Before chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, you could investigate your options for trying to preserve eggs for formulation. There are a number of options including:
- egg preservation
- ovarian preservation
- ovarian biopsy and freezing
Egg preservation
This takes identify earlier chemotherapy.
The ovaries are hormonally stimulated to produce eggs and the eggs are then collected.
If you lot take a male partner, the eggs tin exist fertilised with your partner's sperm and the embryos are then frozen. When you are set up for pregnancy, the embryos are transferred into the uterus.
If you exercise not have a partner, the unfertilised eggs may be frozen. When you are ready for pregnancy, the eggs are thawed and a male person partner'due south sperm or donor sperm is used to fertilise them. (This engineering science is still in development and sadly the success is limited).
Ovarian preservation
Some women are given therapy with a GnRH agonist – a hormone that causes a chemic reaction to control the ovary and eggs temporarily. This therapy is given during chemotherapy. After the chemotherapy stops, the GnRH agonist stops and the menstrual bike should return. This therapy is not well developed or researched.
Ovarian biopsy & freezing
This procedure takes place before chemotherapy starts. A slice of ovary is excised (cut away) and frozen. After the chemotherapy is consummate, the ovarian tissue is transplanted under peel and with hormone stimulation, eggs are nerveless. This technique has recently shown some success although is nevertheless in the research phase.
Thyroid bug
Your thyroid is a small bowtie or butterfly-shaped gland, located in your cervix, wrapped around the windpipe. The thyroid gland takes iodine (mostly found in foods such as seafood and table salt) to produce thyroid hormones. 2 key thyroid hormones are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones help oxygen become into cells and regulate the trunk's metabolism. The thyroid hormones also bear on other important functions of the body such equally growth.
There are number of factors that tin can put you at a higher take chances of thyroid affliction:
- A personal history of autoimmune conditions, including Blazon ane diabetes
- If you have grown up in an surface area that was iodine deficient
- If you have been exposed to head and neck radiation in the past
Thyroid weather condition affect women v times more oft than men.
If the thyroid is underactive, symptoms of hypothyroidism may occur. An overactive thyroid gland produces backlog thyroid hormones and is called hyperthyroidism.
How a problem thyroid affects fertility and pregnancy
According to Dr Jennifer Wong, a consultant endocrinologist at Monash Health, a number of health problems are associated with a problematic thyroid:
- Decreased fertility making it much harder to become significant
- Increased risk of miscarriage
- Increased risk of pre-term or early delivery
- Hypertension (loftier blood pressure)
- Premature birth
Diagnosing thyroid dysfunction
It is very important to detect thyroid problems in women pre-pregnancy and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy as the foetus is dependent on the female parent's thyroid hormone in the first trimester.
A simple, specific claret exam will make up one's mind whether you accept thyroid dysfunction. Y'all tin can run into your doctor for this test.
Thyroid treatment
If yous are diagnosed with a thyroid condition, handling is quite easy and manageable.
Premature & early menopause
Premature menopause
Premature menopause is when the final period occurs before a adult female is 40. The reason for premature menopause may be because:
- your periods stopped spontaneously but early (premature ovarian failure)
- y'all have had surgery to remove both ovaries (oophorectomy)
- chemotherapy has caused ovaries to fail
Early menopause
Early menopause is when the final menstruum occurs before a adult female is 45. Again the reasons may be spontaneous, surgical or chemical.
Outcome on fertility
With premature and early menopause, the ovaries run out of eggs earlier than expected and they are unable to produce an egg or the hormones required for pregnancy.
Very rarely, (near a ii-5% lifetime chance), a adult female may take a spontaneous pregnancy after a diagnosis of premature/early menopause.
Sometimes, premature/early menopause is diagnosed when a adult female has sought aid for fertility. If the ovaries fail to respond to the hormones used to produce eggs or if eggs fail to fertilise, these may exist signs of premature/early on menopause developing.
For a woman who has gone through premature/early menopause, depending on her circumstance her options for having children include:
- a donor egg
- surrogacy with a donor egg
- adoption
To explore the best option for you, ask your doctor for a referral to a fertility specialist who is a member of one of the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics.
Turner's syndrome
The almost common genetic crusade of infertility in women is Turner's syndrome.
Turner'south syndrome is a chromosomal condition that alters development in females. This condition occurs in near 1 in 2,500 female births worldwide.
Information technology is acquired by the complete or partial lack of one of the X chromosomes (female sexual activity chromosome). This results in a range of complications, including stunted growth and development, deafness, an increased risk of heart and kidney problems and infertility. Women with this condition tend to be shorter than average and are normally unable to conceive a child because of an absenteeism of ovarian role.
The majority of women with Turner'due south syndrome are infertile. There are two types of Turner'due south syndrome – XO who never have periods and Twenty/XO Mosaic who can have periods just take an early on menopause. Spontaneous pregnancies (less than v% of women) are associated with a loftier take chances of miscarriage, and chromosomal and congenital abnormalities.
Pregnancy can exist achieved at present through IVF technology with donor egg or embryo.
Due to early menopause, women with Turner Mosaic syndrome should not delay exploring their pregnancy options for too long, if this is possible.
Counselling regarding fertility and pregnancy is highly recommended for all women with Turner's syndrome.
Source: https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/fertility-pregnancy/having-trouble-conceiving
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